Фінансова безпека банків як один із складників фінансової безпеки держави

Abstract

У статті розглянуто сутність і визначено поняття «фінансова безпека банків» як важливої скла- дової фінансової безпеки. Розкрито сучасний стан та актуальні проблеми банківського сектору України в умовах реформування та економічного спаду. Висвітлено основні чинники, які впливають на фінансову безпеку банківських установ. Зроблено аналіз основних індикаторів фінансової безпеки банківської сис- теми. Виділено головні внутрішні і зовнішні загрози фінансовій безпеці банку і запропоновано шляхи їх усунення. Зроблено висновки про те, що система фінансової безпеки банків є важливою умовою стійкості всього банківського сектору України. Among the tasks of maintaining financial security is the importance of protecting the banking sector from external and internal threats. The attention to the ever-growing banking security issues reflects the fact that the modern credit and financial system is undergoing significant qualitative shifts, which are taking place against the background of the still unsolved problems of its functioning, the high crime rate in this area. In addition, the formation of the financial security of the banking sector is of great importance for the socio-economic development of the country, as the fall in confidence in banks is detrimental to the financial security of the whole country. Moreover, in the context of globalization, the financial security of banks becomes not only a national but also an international problem. A bank's financial security is a condition in which an institution responds steadily and in a balanced manner to the effects of external and internal threats that arise during its operations and the ability to achieve its objectives and generate sufficient financial resources to ensure its sustainable functioning. It should be noted that political and military instability, high inflation and overall economic destabilization have negatively affected the banking sector. This situation has led to a reduction in the number of banks more than twice. Among the measures to improve the level of financial security of banks are: strengthening the state regulation of the banking sector, improving the methodological basis for assessing the level of financial security of the bank; strengthening the position of state-owned banks in implementing the country's economic development strategy; bringing domestic banks' activities closer to international standards, enhancing the efficiency of operations and financial sustainability of banks by improving the quality of corporate governance. Thus, the financial security of a banking institution ensures its equilibrium and stable financial position, promotes the effective operation of the institution, allows to identify in the early stages problematic places of functioning of banks, neutralize crises and prevent their bankruptcy. Ensuring the financial security of banks in Ukraine should be carried out at two levels: at the level of the individual bank based on the implementation of banking management measures and at the level of the banking system based on the implementation of state measures aimed at protecting the interests of the bank (the banking system as a whole) from internal and external threats.