До питання про статус висловлень зі значенням відмови в контексті сучасних лінгвістичних студій

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано мовленнєвий акт і мовленнєвий жанр як категорії організації мовлення та визначено місце висловлень зі значенням відмови в класифікації мовленнєвих жанрів, тобто комунікативно-прагматичний та семантичний аналіз уможливив кваліфікацію відмови як мовленнєвого жанру (МЖ) реактивного регістру мовлення, що має (переважно) діалогічну природу, функціонує в умовах безпосереднього мовленнєвого спілкування як первинний МЖ. We have attempted to analyze the speech act and the speech genre as a category of speech organization and determine the place of expressions with the value of the refusal phrases in the classification of speech genres. At the present stage, we see convergence and even integration within the separate directions of these concepts as units of different levels. Increasingly, the view is expressed that the theory of speech acts and the theory of speech genres can and must complement each other; At the same time, using two terms, linguists make some adjustments to the understanding of these categories. We consider that the language genres appear as the social circuits of the speech actions enshrined in the social circulation, adopted in certain situations and intended to convey certain content, – typical methods of speech constructing are characterized by a more complex construction than a speech act (which is actually a speech action carried out in pragmatic coordinates I (addressee / addressee) – You (the addressee / addressee) – here – are now under the influence of a large number of communicative factors and can combine several illocutionary forces. It is difficult to identify the boundaries in the speech between the linguistic act and the linguistic genre, since in the actual communication the latter are presented in the form of fragments, and can be realized by one speech act, or combine fragments of other speech genres. In general, we consider the speech genre as a category of the organization of the linguistic code of the hierarchically higher order, and we believe that each statement at the same time, may be a relevant speech act and a fragment of a certain (not necessarily the same name) speech genre or its specific implementation. Communicative, pragmatic and semantic analysis made it possible to qualify a refusal as a speech genre of the reactive register of speech, which has (predominantly) a dialogic nature, functions in the context of direct speech communication as the primary language genre, which arises as a reaction to replicas of a directive or commissive type, can act as elementary speech genre or complicated by other types of expressions. For our study, dialogical speech (replica-stimulus – replica-reaction) is relevant, in the analysis of which we take into account both the intentions of the speaker and the intention of the addressee.