Китай у глобальному індексі інновацій

Abstract

У статті показано особливості Глобального Індексу Інновацій (Global Innovation Index - GII) як визнаного у світі інструмента оцінки інноваційного розвитку країн. Розкрито основні моменти, пов’язані з його методологією, основними показниками та специфікою. На основі інформації із річних звітів Global Innovation Index за останні п’ять років зроблено аналіз динаміки окремих показників Китаю у цьому Індексі та його субіндексах. Встановлено показники, за якими Китай протягом останніх років є регіональним та світовим інноваційним лідером, а за якими – відстає від багатьох країн. The article shows the features of the Global Innovation Index (GII) as the world recognized tool of countries’ innovative development assessment. The main points related to this index development, methodology, key indicators and their peculiarities are revealed in the article. Based on information from the annual GII reports over the past 5 years, we have analyzed the dynamics of individual indicators of China in this Index. It is revealed by which indicators of innovation China has become a regional and world innovation leader, and by which ones it is rapidly approaching developed countries. In the last five years, China has risen from 29th place to 14th in the GII, which indicates a rather high annual growth rate (20%). It was defined that according to such indicators as capacity of the internal market, patent applications and utility model applications filed with national intellectual property agencies, exports of high-tech products, creative goods, and number of training firms China has become a world leader and continues to hold that leadership for the past 5 years. In addition, China has become one of the world leaders in investment in innovations, contributing to 24% of global R&D spending (compared to 2.6% in 1996) and 44% of all patent applications (compared to 2% in 1997). While making this research, it was found that China ranks second after the US in terms of clusters, with 26 in the US and 18 in China (2 more than in 2018). In terms of quality of universities in 2019, China has risen to the 3rd place (from the 5th position in 2018) and is almost catching up with the US and the UK. In addition, the indicators that hold back China's rise in the Global Innovation Index have been analyzed. Among them, we identified several groups of indicators: 1) which have a low base and slow progress; 2) which slow down its growth; 3) by which regression is observed. The worst GII performance in 2019 China received for: Wikipedia edits, cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks, tertiary inbound mobility, environmental performance, ISO 14001 environmental certificates, GERD financed by abroad, regulatory quality.