Формування моделей соціальної політики з позиції національних особливостей їх формування

Abstract

У статті на основі аналізу наукових джерел досліджено теоретичні аспекти основних моделей соціальної політики та чинників, що їх сформували. Визначено ключові характеристики кожної з моделей та їх бачення ролі держави у здійсненні заходів практичної реалізації соціальної політики. Визначено особливості партисипаторного підходу у співпраці держави та НДО.

The article deals with the theoretical aspects of main social policy's models and factors participating in their forming. The author analyzes the main characteristics of social policy's models, paying attention to three of them: Liberal, Conservative and Scandinavian. It is stated that each model is based on a particular ideology and historical preconceptions, which influence the forming of system of social services. Liberal model places the basis on market relations, where social help is given to the poorest classes as the least defended group of people. In the Corporative model, social problems are solved only in cooperation between employer and employee (social insurance system) and it is determined as social partnership. Effectiveness of Scandinavian model is based on the concept of solidarity in which social security is considered as common business of the whole society and not separate individuals. It's stated that the realization of all three models can be performed with the effective cooperation of governmental and nongovernmental organization in social sphere on the participative approach. Such a model has not been formed in Ukraine yet but can be useful in the country. The author emphasizes the importance of developing civil society, advanced social organizations network and concordant their work with the state.